My Experience Course

RETAIL BUSINESS COURSE ( RETAIL BUSINESS )

A. Defining the Retail Business

Retail business is overall business activity related to the sale and delivery of services to the public as a consumer actors to use individuals whose personal or family nature .

B.System Retail Management Information

Developed using an approach based on the use of integrated data processing equipment mechanized system as a provider of information to support all aspects related to operational activities , management , analysis and in terms of the decision pebuatan retail business .

C.Structure Retail Management Information Systems

1 . Level of information to process transactions or " inquiry " .

2. Depth operasioanal information for planning, control and decision making..

3. Depth information for tactical planning and decision making.

 4.Depth  information strategy planning , policy and decision makers .

D. Elements of retail business

1.Hardware ( Hardware )

2.Software ( Software )

3.Database

4.Manual Procedure

5.Operasional Personal / Brainware

E. Retail Business Cycle

F. Selling price-setting strategies

1.Factors - factors affecting consumer

     - The level of consumer income

     - The personality of the individual consumer

     - Pressure time experienced by consumers

     - The amount of expenditures

Pricing is based on the competition :

a. Price above the price of competitors

b . Same price with competitors

c . Prices below competitors' prices

G. The types of price

  1 . Psychological Price

              a. prices odd

              b . Some things merge into one , given the cheaper price

              c . The assumption that the expensive stuff is quality stuff

2 . Price Promotion

           a. Pricing Leader is the first price

           b . Loss Leader Pricing is priced below cost price

           c . Psikological a discount sellers raise the price first and then the new discount

Campaign Goals

In general, to provide information to the buyer at the time of buying the product , then membrikan emphasis on a characteristic of the product and invite potential buyers .

Promotion mix there are 4 factors to determine :

1 . target Market

        There are more items than 4 factors influencing the selection of promotional methods to market , namely :

~ Readiness to Purchase

* Awarences : a kesadarn buy goods

            * Knowledge : a knowledge of the product

            * Liking : Taste like a goods

            * Reference : Choice of an item

            * Convidion : The desire to buy a product

            * Purchase : Purchase

2 . product

3 . Stages of the product development cycle

4 . Funds are available

Pengetahuan Tentang TOEFL

Sejarah TOEFL

A.Pengertian TOEFL

            TOEFL ( Test of English as as foreign Language ) adalah singkatan dari Test Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing.  Toefl merupakan sebuah test yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan seseorang dalam berbahsa inggris. Tes ini dirancang untuk mengukur kemampuan Bahasa Inggris orang berbahasa non-Inggris dan dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu Pengujian diberi batas waktu untuk setiap bagian dan menggunakan pertanyaan pilihan ganda dengan empat pilihan yang mungkin untuk setiap pertanyaan.

B.Latar Belakang Toefl

            Toefl sebelumnya bernama CAL (pusat Linguistik Terapan) yang berbasis di Washington DC dan didirikan pada tahun 1959.CAL adalah sebuah nirlaba yang berkomitmen untuk meneliti hubungan antara bahasa dan budaya.Direktur pertama CAL yakni Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998) yang pernah menjadi seorang profesor di Universitas Hardvard.Ferguson dipandu pusat membuat suatu solusi praktis dari pengembangan terhadap bahasa yang diterapkan.Salah satu proyek awal Ferguson adalah pengembangan tes yang akan mengukur perintah bahasa yang ESL (Bahasa Inggris-as-a-Second-Language) mahasiswa dan pegawai pemerintah. Ferguson dan peneliti mengembangkan tes TOEFL selama lima tahun pertama CAL.Toefl pertama kali diambil oleh pusat pada tahun 1964.

            Sebuah organisasi standar pengujian internasional telah mengelola tes TOEFL yakni ETS (Educational Testing Service). Menurut ETS, antara 1964 dan 2008, 24 juta orang, sebagian besar siswa internasional, telah mengambil tes. Diperkenalkan pada tahun 2005, ujian berbasis internet telah menggantikan format berbasis komputer dan berbasis kertas, dengan hasil berbasis komputer diperintah tidak lagi berlaku pada tahun 2006.

C.Tujuan Test Toefl

            TOEFL memiliki dua tujuan umum yaitu :

- Academic adalah menggunkan test untuk tujuan pendidikan ,penelitian atau yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan akademis diluar negeri ataupun di Indonesia.Untuk paska Sarjan.biasanya nilai minimal adalah 550,sedangkan untuk S1 adalah 500.

- General pada umunya digunakan untuk tujuan pekerjaan,kenaikan pangkat atau tugas kerja.Umumnya nilai TOEFL minimal adalah 500 untuk kenaikan pangkat standar.di Indonesia nilai rata-rat Toefl dengan jenjang pendidikan minimal S1 sangat fluktuatif.

D.Jenis – Jenis Tes pengujian

            Sejak tahun 1998, tes ini telah terdiri dari 30 pertanyaan mendengarkan berbasis, 40 “ditulis-ekspresi” pertanyaan, 50 pertanyaan pemahaman bacaan, dan esai 300-kata. Uji berbasis internet meliputi empat bagian: menjawab pertanyaan pada bagian 700-kata dan pertanyaan tentang 30 menit dari sampel audio, serta enam berbicara dan tugas tertulis-komposisi. Uji berbasis internet juga telah mengimplementasikan tabel dan format lain ke tes.

E.Penilaian pada Test TOEFL

            Meskipun tidak ada skor lulus atau gagal untuk TOEFL, umumnya skor 400 dianggap rendah dan skor 600 atau di atas sangat baik. Setiap perguruan tinggi, universitas, atau lembaga memiliki sendiri persyaratan skor TOEFL masuk. Nilai diperlukan bervariasi, tergantung pada bidang studi (non-teknis atau teknis) dan program (dua tahun, sarjana atau sarjana) yang Anda lamar. Skor 400 atau di atas untuk program dua tahun, 500 atau di atas untuk program sarjana, dan 550 atau di atas untuk program pascasarjana umumnya diperlukan.

Tugas sofskill 1(Sarina Nurcahaya Sihite,28211249,3EB09)

Nama    :Sarina Nurcahaya Sihite

NPM             :28211249

Kelas    :3eb09

Exercise 21: Conditonal Sentences

1. Henry talks to his dog as if it Understood him.

2. If they had left the house earlier,they weren’t so late getting to the airport that they could not check   their baggage.

3. If i finish the dress before Saturday,I will give it to my sister for her birthday.

4.If i had seen the movie,I would have told you about it last night.

5.Had bob not problems not interfered in his sister’s marital problems,there were peace

   between them.

6. He would give you the money if he were have  it.

7. I wish they would stop making so much noies so that i could concentrate.

8. She would call you immediately if she needed help.

9. Had they arrivedat the sale early,they would have found a better selection.

10. We hope that you had enjoyed the party last night.

11. If you have enough time,please painted the chair before you leave.

12. We could go for a drive if today were Saturday.

13.If she wins the prize,it will be because she write very well.

14. Mike wished that the editors  could have permit him to copy  some of their material. 

15. Joel wishes that he could have spent his vacation on the gulf coast next year.

16. I will accept if they invite mo to the party.

17. If you mother buys that car for you,will you be happy?

18. If he had decided earlier,he could have left on the afternoon flight.

19. Had we known your address,we would have written you a letter.

20. If the roofer doesn’t come soon,the rain will leak inside.

21. Because rose did so poorly on the exam,she wishes that she had studied harder last night.

22. My dog always wakes me up if he hear strange noises.

23. If you see mary today,please ask her to call me.

24. If he get the raise,it will be because he does a good job.

25.the teacher will not accept our work if we turn it in late.

26. Mrs.Wood always talk to hear tenth-grade students as though they were adults.

27.If he had left already,he would have called us.

28. If they had known him,they would have talked to him.

29. He would understand it if you explained it to him more slowly.

30. I could understand the French teacher f she spoke more slowly.

Exercise 26: Adjectives and adverbs

1. Rita plays the violin well.

2. That is an intens novel.

3. The sun is shinning brightly.

4. The girls speak fluent.

5. The boys speak Spanish fluently.

6. The table has a smooth surface.

7.We must figure our income tax returns accurately.

8.We don’t like to drink bitter tea.

9.The plane will arrive soon.

10.He had an accident because he was driving too fast.

Exercise 27:Linking (Copulative ) Verbs

1.Your cold sounds terrible.

2.The pianist plays very well.

3.The food in the restaurant always tastes good.

4.The campers remained calm despite the thunderstorm.

5.They became sick after eating the contaminated food.

6.Professor calandra looked quickly at the students’ sketches.

7.Paco was working diligently on the project.

8.Paul protested vehemently about the new proposals.

9.Our neighbors appeared relaxed after their vacation.

10.The music sounded too noisy to be classical.

Exercise 28:Comparisons

1.John and his friends left as soon as the professor had finished his lecture.

2.His job is more important than his friend’s.

3.He plays the guitar as well as andres segovia.

4.A new house is much expensive than an older one.

5.Last week was as hot as this week.

6.Martha is more talented than her cousin.

7.Bill’s descriptions are more colorful than his wife’s.

8.Nobody is happier than maria elena.

9.The boys felt worse than the girls about loasing the game.

10.A geyhound runds faster than a chihuahua.

Exercise 29: Comparisons

1.The empire state building is taller than the statue of liberty.

2.California is farther from New York  than Pennysylvania.

3.His assignment is different from mine.

4.Louie reads more quickly than his sisters.

5.No animal is so big as king kong.

6.That report is less impressive than  the goverment’s.

7.Sam wears the same shirt as his teammaters.

8.Dave paints much more realistically than his professor

9.The twins have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.

10.Her sports car is different from Nancy’s

Exercise 30 : Comparisons

1.       Of the four dresses, I like the red one best.

2.       Phil is the happiest person that we know.

3.       Pat’s car is faster than Dan’s.

4.       This is the creamest ice cream I have had in a long time.

5.       This poster is more colorful than the one in the hall.

6.       Does fred feel better today than he did yesterday?

7.       This vegetable soup tastes very good.

8.       While trying to balance the baskets on her head, the woman walked more awkwardly than her daughter.

9.       Jane is the least athletic of all the women.

10. My cat is the prettier of the two.

11. This summary is the best of the pair.

12. your heritage is different than mine

13. This painting is less impressive than the one in the other gallery.

14. The colder the weather gets sicker I feel.

15. No sooner had he received the letter when he called Maria.

16. A mink coat costs twice more than a sable coat.

17. Jim has as little opportunities to play tennis as I.

18. That recipe calls for much more sugar than mine does.

19. The museum is the farthest away of the three buildings.

20. Goerge Washington is more famous than John Jay.